Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Tree
Origin
Southern Europe, Mediterranean, Northern Africa
Africa, South-Eastern Asia
Types
Quercus ilex, Quercus rotundifolia
Terminalia arjuna
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Mediterranean region
Subtropical forests, Tropical regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-85-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-2
9 - 5
Sunset Zone
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1,070.00 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Red, Yellow green
Pale Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown, Chocolate
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Brown, Light Yellow, Tan
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong or Lanceolate
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Grafting, Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
Needs less watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
fertilize in fall, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Moth
Aphids, Downy mildew, Purple Blotch, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Pollution, Shade areas
Drought, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Insects
Bees, Flies, pollinators
Allergy
-
conjunctivitis, sneezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Cottage Garden
-
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Skin Problems
Making cosmetics
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Soil protection
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Digestive, Skin irritation
Cardiovascular problems, Detoxifies lever, Diabetes, Dysentry, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders
Part of Plant Used
Bark, Fruits, Wood
Inner Bark, Leaf Stalks
Other Uses
Charcoal, Used as firewood, Used for its medicinal properties, Wood is used fore making tools
Can be made into a herbal tea, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used as a fodder tree in agricultural areas
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border, Wildflower
Botanical Name
QUERCUS ilex
Terminalia arjuna
Common Name
Evergreen Oak, Holly Oak, Holm Oak
Arjuna
In Hindi
होल्म ओक
अर्जुन वृक्ष
In German
Steineiche
Terminalia arjuna
In French
chêne vert
Terminalia arjuna
In Spanish
encina
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Greek
πρινόδενδρο
arjuna
In Portuguese
azinheira
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Polish
dąb skalny
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Latin
ilice
arjuna
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
-
Order
Fagales
Myrtales
Family
Fagaceae
Poaceae
Genus
Quercus
Terminilia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
17100
1
27800
👆🏻