Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Tree
Origin
India, Nepal, China
Africa, South-Eastern Asia
Types
Betula utilis
Terminalia arjuna
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Mountains
Subtropical forests, Tropical regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-75-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
7-5
9 - 5
Sunset Zone
3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Pyramidal
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
760.00 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Tan, Brown
Pale Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Yellow green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Yellow
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Brown, Light Yellow, Tan
Shape
Leaf Shape
Cordiform
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Early Spring
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Grafting, Stem Cutting
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Requires watering in the growing season
Needs less watering
In Summer
Average Water
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
Fertilize in early spring, Fertilize in late fall, slow-release fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost
Pests and Diseases
Honey fungus, Leaves with brown tip, Phytophthora Root Rot, Powdery mildew, Verticillium Wilt
Aphids, Downy mildew, Purple Blotch, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Dry Conditions, waterlogging, Wet Site
Drought, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Bees, Flies, pollinators
Allergy
-
conjunctivitis, sneezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
-
Beauty Benefits
Weightloss
Making cosmetics
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Soil protection
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, Antioxidants, Antiseptic, Carminative
Cardiovascular problems, Detoxifies lever, Diabetes, Dysentry, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders
Part of Plant Used
Bark, Leaves
Inner Bark, Leaf Stalks
Other Uses
Used in construction, Wood is used in construction
Can be made into a herbal tea, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used as a fodder tree in agricultural areas
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border, Wildflower
Botanical Name
BETULA utilis
Terminalia arjuna
Common Name
Himalayan Birch
Arjuna
In Hindi
हिमालय सन्टी
अर्जुन वृक्ष
In German
Himalaya-Birke
Terminalia arjuna
In French
bouleau de l'Himalaya
Terminalia arjuna
In Spanish
abedul del Himalaya
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Greek
Himalayan σημύδας
arjuna
In Portuguese
bétula Himalaia
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Polish
Himalayan brzoza
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Latin
Birch Himalayan
arjuna
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
-
Order
Fagales
Myrtales
Family
Betulaceae
Poaceae
Genus
Betula
Terminilia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
30100
1
27800
👆🏻