Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants
Perennial
Origin
Southwestern United States, California
Europe, Russia
Types
-
Primula elatior
Number of Varieties
401
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Dry areas, meadows
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-94-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
7-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 18, 19, 20, 21
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Rosette/Stemless
Plant Size
Minimum Height
61.00 cm30.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm25.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Crimson
Light Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Planting
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Requires watering in the growing season, Water Deeply, Water when soil is dry
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
No pruning needed in the early stages, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead leaves, Remove deadheads
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Apply 10-10-10 amount
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Insects
Slugs, Snails
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Variety of soil types
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Hummingbirds
Insects
Allergy
Asthma
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Burns, Snakebite, Stomach aliments
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
Root
Other Uses
Used as Ornamental plant
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Mixed Border, Rock Garden / Wall, Wildflower
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
PENSTEMON eatonii
Primula elatior
Common Name
Firecracker Penstemon
Oxlip, true oxlip
In Hindi
Firecracker penstemon
Oxlip
In German
Kracher penstemon
Hohe Schlüsselblume
In French
Firecracker penstemon
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
In Spanish
Penstemon del petardo
Primula elatior
In Greek
πυροτέχνημα penstemon
δακράκι
In Portuguese
Penstemon do foguete
Oxlip
In Polish
petarda penstemon
Oxlip
In Latin
Firecracker Persicaria
Oxlip
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
-
Magnoliophyta
Class
-
Magnoliopsida
Order
Lamiales
Myrtales
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Onagraceae
Genus
Penstemon
Oenothera
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Onagreae
Subfamily
-
Onagroideae
Number of Species
250145
1
27800
👆🏻