Life Span
Perennial
Biennial
Type
Tree
Tree
Origin
Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, Canada, Mexico
Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Central United States, South-Central United States
Types
Plains Cottonwood, Rio Grande cottonwood
Yellow Birch, Paper Birch, River Birch
Number of Varieties
540
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
bottomlands, Floodplain, Hardwood forests, Riverbanks
Hills, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-94-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Upright/Erect
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
3,050.00 cm2,133.60 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
2,130.00 cm762.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Red, Green
Yellow, Brown
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
White
Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Gray
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Yellow
Yellow, Light Yellow, Tan
Leaf Color in Winter
-
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Toothed curved and flat petiole
Pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Very Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Early Spring
Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Wet Site, Pollution, Soil Compaction
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Planting
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep ground moist, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season, Water daily during growing season, Water Deeply, Water more in summer
Requires watering in the growing season, Water daily during growing season, Water Deeply, Water more frequently during periods of extreme drought
In Summer
Ample Water
Lots of watering
In Spring
Ample Water
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove dead branches, Remove hanging branches
Remove branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove hanging branches
Fertilizers
fertilize in growing season, Nitrogen
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize twice a year, Nitrogen
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Borers, Caterpillars, Insects
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Pollution, Soil Compaction, Wet Site
Flowers
-
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Ants, Aphids, Birds
Allergy
Hay fever, Headache, Runny nose, sneezing
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Landscape Designing
-
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Forms dense stands, Prevent Soil Erosion, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife, Windbreak
Air purification, Nesting sites for birds, Shadow Tree, Shelter for wildlife, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Anodyne, Anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, Febrifuge
Antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, Arthritis, Boils, bowel syndrome, Combats Stress, Diarrhea, Dysentry, Heart problems, Kidney Stones, Osteoarthritis, Skin Disorders, Urinary tract problems
Part of Plant Used
Inner Bark, Leaves, Seeds
Bark, Leaves, Sap
Other Uses
Biomass for fuel, Used as firewood, Used As Food
Medicinal oil, Used as essential oil
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees
Feature Plant, Shade Trees
Botanical Name
POPULUS deltoides
BETULA nigra 'Studetec'
Common Name
Eastern Cottonwood
Black Birch, River Birch, Tecumseh Compact River Birch
In Hindi
Eastern Cottonwood
काले बर्च वृक्ष
In German
Eastern Cottonwood
Schwarze Birke
In French
Cottonwood Orient
Noir Bouleau
In Spanish
Cottonwood del Este
Negro del árbol de abedul
In Greek
Ανατολική Cottonwood
Μαύρο Birch Tree
In Portuguese
Cottonwood Oriental
Bétula Preto
In Polish
Eastern Cottonwood
Czarny Brzoza
In Latin
Orientalium Poplar
Niger Caerulus
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Anthophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Dicotyledonae
Magnoliopsida
Order
Salicales
Fagales
Family
Salicaceae
Betulaceae
Genus
Populus
Betula
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
Salicoideae
-
Number of Species
340
1
27800
👆🏻