Life Span
Annual
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Ornamental Plants
Tender Perennial
Origin
Asia, Europe
Southern Asia, Southeastern Asia, India, China, Japan, Australia
Types
-
Oenanthe javanica, Helosciadium nodiflorum
Number of Varieties
12
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Old fields, Open grasslands
Bog Garden, Cultivated Beds, Ponds
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-89-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
-
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Spreading
Plant Size
Minimum Height
25.00 cm20.30 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
50.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
simple-pinnate or double-pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Variety of soil types
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Divison, Layering, Seedlings, stem tip cuttings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Needs Very high moisture
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Apply 10-10-10 amount
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Aphids, Armyworm, Bacterial Blight, Damping off, Downy mildew
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Bees, Flies, Insects
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Bog Garden, Ground Cover
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Depurative, Febrifuge, Styptic
Part of Plant Used
Root
Leaves, Root, Seeds
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used as a seasoning in soups, useful as a ground cover
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Container, Edible, Groundcover, Herb / Vegetable, Water Gardens
Botanical Name
Primula veris
OENANTHE javanica
Common Name
cowslip, common cowslip, cowslip primrose
Java Water Dropwort, Water Celery, Water Parsley
In Hindi
cowslip primrose
Water Celery
In German
Echte Schlüsselblume
Wasser Sellerie
In French
Brérelle, le Coqueluchon, le Coucou, l’Herbe à la paralysie, l’Herbe de saint Paul, la Primerolle, la Primevère de printemps ou la Printanière
Céleri d'eau
In Spanish
Primula veris
El apio agua
In Greek
πασχαλίτσα primrose
Σέλινο νερό
In Portuguese
prímula cowslip
Aipo água
In Polish
Pierwiosnek lekarski
Seler Woda
In Latin
cowslip Primrose
Aqua Apium
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Apiales
Family
Onagraceae
Apiaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Oenanthe
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
Oenantheae
Subfamily
Onagroideae
Apioideae
Number of Species
1451
1
27800
👆🏻