Life Span
Annual
  
Perennial
  
Type
Flowering Plants, Ornamental Plants
  
Tree
  
Origin
Asia, Europe
  
China
  
Types
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Habitat
Old fields, Open grasslands
  
Fields, Forest edges, Grassland, Roadsides
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-8
  
4-8
  
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
  
8-1
  
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Not Available
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Arching/Fountain-shaped
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm
  
33
Minimum Width
1,070.00 cm
  
19
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Yellow
  
Yellow green, Light Green
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Non Fruiting Plant
  
Pink, Light Green, Sienna
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Oblong
  
Heart-shaped
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Summer
  
Spring, Summer
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
  
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
Yes
  
No
  
Tolerances
Variety of soil types
  
Pollution, Drought, Salt, Soil Compaction
  
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Low
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
  
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
  
Prune in late summer or fall, Prune in late winter, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
  
Red blotch, Spotted Lanterfly
  
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
  
Drought, Variety of soil types
  
Flowers
Yes
  
Insignificant
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
Yes
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
Yes
  
Foliage Texture
Fine
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
Yes
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Insects
  
Birds
  
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
  
allergic reaction, Skin irritation
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
  
Beautification, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
  
No Beauty Benefits
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
  
Anthelmintic, Antispasmodic, Asthma, Astringent
  
Part of Plant Used
Root
  
Bark, Root
  
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
  
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties, Used for woodware
  
Used As Indoor Plant
Yes
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
  
Shade Trees, Street Trees
  
Botanical Name
Primula veris
  
AILANTHUS altissima
  
Common Name
cowslip, common cowslip, cowslip primrose
  
Tree-of-Heaven
  
In Hindi
cowslip primrose
  
कल्पवृक्ष
  
In German
Echte Schlüsselblume
  
Baum des Himmels
  
In French
Brérelle, le Coqueluchon, le Coucou, l’Herbe à la paralysie, l’Herbe de saint Paul, la Primerolle, la Primevère de printemps ou la Printanière
  
Arbre de paradis
  
In Spanish
Primula veris
  
Arbol del Cielo
  
In Greek
πασχαλίτσα primrose
  
Δέντρο του Ουρανού
  
In Portuguese
prímula cowslip
  
Árvore do céu
  
In Polish
Pierwiosnek lekarski
  
Drzewo Nieba
  
In Latin
cowslip Primrose
  
Lignum de caelo
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Myrtales
  
Sapindales
  
Family
Onagraceae
  
Simaroubaceae
  
Genus
Oenothera
  
Ailanthus
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Tribe
Onagreae
  
Not Available
  
Subfamily
Onagroideae
  
Not Available
  
Number of Species
Not Available