Life Span
Annual
Perennial
Type
Flowering Plants, Ornamental Plants
Perennial
Origin
Asia, Europe
United States, Canada
Types
-
-
Number of Varieties
110
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Old fields, Open grasslands
Cultivated Beds, Dappled Shade, Woodland Garden Canopy, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
5-84-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
9-1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
-
Habit
Clump-Forming
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
25.00 cm120.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
50.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow
White, Green, Light Pink
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
-
Fruit Color
-
Dark Purple
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Burgundy
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong
Obtuse
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer
Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Very Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Summer, Late Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Variety of soil types
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Divison, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
Average Water Needs
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune in summer, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Cadmium fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Slugs, Snails
Mosaic viruses, Yellow Leaves
Plant Tolerance
Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Insects
Birds, Small mammals
Allergy
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Abdominal pain, allergic reaction, cramps, Diarrhea, Nausea, Spasms, Toxic, Toxic if not prepared properly, Vomiting
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Food for animals, Food for birds
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Eczema
Anodyne, anti-inflammatory, Antirheumatic, Arthritis, Curing mumps and measles, Homeopathy
Part of Plant Used
Root
Flowers, Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used as an insecticide, Used for its medicinal properties, Used for making soaps, Used in making blue ink
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Wildflower
Botanical Name
Primula veris
PHYTOLACCA americana
Common Name
cowslip, common cowslip, cowslip primrose
American Pokeweed, Inkberry, Pokeberry
In Hindi
cowslip primrose
POKEBERRY
In German
Echte Schlüsselblume
Kermesbeere
In French
Brérelle, le Coqueluchon, le Coucou, l’Herbe à la paralysie, l’Herbe de saint Paul, la Primerolle, la Primevère de printemps ou la Printanière
POKEBERRY
In Spanish
Primula veris
Pokeberry
In Greek
πασχαλίτσα primrose
POKEBERRY
In Portuguese
prímula cowslip
POKEBERRY
In Polish
Pierwiosnek lekarski
alkiermes
In Latin
cowslip Primrose
pokeberry
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Myrtales
Caryophyllales
Family
Onagraceae
Phytolaccaceae
Genus
Oenothera
Phytolacca
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Core eudicots, Eudicots
Tribe
Onagreae
-
Subfamily
Onagroideae
-
Number of Species
14535
1
27800
👆🏻