Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Fruits, Trees
Origin
Europe, Russia
Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Tropical Indomalaya
Types
Symphytum officinale (common comfrey), Symphytum asperum (rough comfrey)
Feronia limonia, Limonia acidissima
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Cold Regions, stream banks
Dry areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
6-11-9999
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
-
Sunset Zone
21,22
-
Habit
Upright/Erect
-
Plant Size
Minimum Height
20.00 cm800.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
90.00 cm900.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Light Pink
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
-
Fruit Color
Orange Red
Greyish Brown, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Red, Green, Copper
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Blue Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Blue Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Red, Dark Green, Burgundy, Bronze
Gray Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Autumn
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Rich
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Late Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Root Division, Transplanting
Budding, Layering, root cutting, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Water daily during growing season
Do not water excessively
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Rich
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove dead leaves
Prune after harvesting, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
14-14-14 Fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, can go long without fertilizers
for fruiting plants, use high phosphorous content fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Stem spot
-
Plant Tolerance
Shallow soil, Sun
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Ants, Butterflies, pollinators
-
Allergy
Antibacterial, Peripheral Edema
Gastric
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
Acne, Beautiful Skin, Reduce Bruises, Remove blemishes
Good Cleanser
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Fixes Nitrogen
-
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Asthma, Diarrhea, Obesity, Osteoarthritis
Blood cleanser, Diabetes, Ear ache, Energy, Kidney problems, Liver Protection, Malaria, Respiratory Disorders, Snakebite
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Twigs
Fruits
Other Uses
Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Food, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Feature Plant, Foundation, Groundcover, Hedges, Mixed Border, Tropical
Edible, Fruit Tree
Botanical Name
Symphytum asperum
Limonia acidissima
Common Name
Comfrey,Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort
Wood apple, monkey fruit, curd fruit
In Hindi
Blackwort
कबिट
In German
Blackwort
Indischer Holzapfel
In French
Blackwort
Kawista
In Spanish
Blackwort
Kawista
In Greek
Blackwort
γλυκό ασβέστη
In Portuguese
Blackwort
Limonia
In Polish
Blackwort
Feronia słoniowa
In Latin
Blackwort
dulcis ad cinerem
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Lamiales
Sapindales
Family
Boraginaceae
Rutaceae
Genus
Symphytum
Limonia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Tribe
-
Citreae
Subfamily
Boraginoideae
Aurantioideae
Number of Species
351
1
27800
👆🏻