Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
  
Bulb or Corm or Tuber
  
Origin
Mediterranean
  
South America
  
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
  
Pamianthe cardenasii , Pamianthe parviflora , Pamianthe peruviana
  
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
  
All sorts of environments
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-9
  
8-10
  
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
  
10-8
  
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
21,22
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Clump-Forming
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Blue
  
White
  
Flower Color Modifier
Not Applicable
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Brown
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Light Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Several shades of Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
  
Light Green
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Oblong
  
Strap shaped
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Summer
  
Spring, Summer, Fall
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
  
Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Summer
  
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
Yes
  
No
  
Tolerances
Not Available
  
Drought
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Ground, Pot
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings
  
Offsets
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
  
Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
  
Pinch or prune as they grow to promote branching and bushiness, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Requires little pruning
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, High phosphorus
  
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
  
Leaf spot, Mosaic viruses
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Yes
  
Showy
  
Flower Petal Number
Not Available
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
No
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Glossy
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Sometimes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Butterflies
  
Bees, Birds, Bumblebees, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, pollinators
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Unknown
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Beautification, Bouquets, Ornamental use, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
No Beauty Benefits
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
No
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
  
No Medicinal Use
  
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
  
Not Available
  
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
  
Beneficial species for attracting pollinators, Decoration Purposes
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Not Available
  
Bog Garden, Container, Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Water Gardens
  
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
  
HYMENOCALLIS longipetala
  
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
  
Peruvian Daffodil, Spiderlily
  
In Hindi
कासनी
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In German
Chicoree
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In French
chicorée
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In Spanish
achicoria
  
Pamianthe
  
In Greek
ραδίκι
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In Portuguese
chicória
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In Polish
cykoria
  
peruvian daffodil
  
In Latin
pancratium
  
peruvian daffodil
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Liliopsida
  
Order
Asterales
  
Asparagales
  
Family
Asteraceae
  
Amaryllidaceae
  
Genus
Cichorium
  
Pamianthe
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Angiosperms, Monocots
  
Tribe
Cichorieae
  
Clinantheae
  
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
  
Amaryllidoideae
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available