Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
  
Fern
  
Origin
Mediterranean
  
Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, Canada
  
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
  
Not available
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
  
Cliffs, Forests, Rocky areas, Slopes
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-9
  
3-8
  
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
  
8-1
  
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Not Available
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Clump-Forming
  
Plant Size
  
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Blue
  
Non Flowering Plant
  
Flower Color Modifier
Not Applicable
  
Not Available
  
Fruit Color
Brown
  
Non Fruiting Plant
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Light Green, Gray Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Blue Green, Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Blue Green, Gray Green, Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
  
Gray Green, Dark Green
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Oblong
  
Compound
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Summer
  
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Full Shade, Partial shade
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Medium
  
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
  
Clay, Loam
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Average
  
Bloom Time
Summer
  
Not Available
  
Repeat Bloomer
Yes
  
No
  
Tolerances
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings
  
Root Division, Spores
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
Medium
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
  
Clay, Loam
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Average
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Full Shade, Partial shade
  
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
  
Prune to stimulate growth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
  
Pests and diseases free, Red blotch
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Yes
  
None
  
Flower Petal Number
Not Available
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Medium
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Sometimes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
No
  
Attracts
Butterflies
  
Not Available
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Skin irritation, Skin rash
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Borders, Hanging Basket, Mixed Border, Showy Purposes, Used as an interior landscaping species, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
No
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
  
Not Available
  
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
  
Not Available
  
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
  
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for Landscaping
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
Yes
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Not Available
  
Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall
  
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
  
DRYOPTERIS marginalis
  
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
  
Marginal wood fern
  
In Hindi
कासनी
  
marginal wood fern
  
In German
Chicoree
  
marginal Holz fern
  
In French
chicorée
  
marginal dryoptéride
  
In Spanish
achicoria
  
helecho de madera marginal
  
In Greek
ραδίκι
  
οριακή φτέρη ξύλο
  
In Portuguese
chicória
  
samambaia de madeira marginal
  
In Polish
cykoria
  
marginalne drewna paproci
  
In Latin
pancratium
  
Fern marginalibus
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Tracheophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Filicopsida
  
Order
Asterales
  
Polypodiales
  
Family
Asteraceae
  
Dryopteridaceae
  
Genus
Cichorium
  
Dryopteris
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Not Available
  
Tribe
Cichorieae
  
Not Available
  
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
  
Not Available
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available