Life Span
Perennial
  
Perennial
  
Type
Flowering Plants, Shrubs, Vegetable
  
Tree
  
Origin
Mediterranean
  
China, Korea
  
Types
Belgian Endive, Red Belgian Endive, Curly Endive (a.k.a. Frisee), Escarole, Radicchio (Chioggia) and Radicchio (Chioggia)
  
Not Available
  
Number of Varieties
Not Available
  
Habitat
Grassland, Mediterranean region, Wild
  
disturbed sites, Forest edges
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-9
  
4-8
  
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
  
8-1
  
Sunset Zone
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Spreading
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm
  
33
Minimum Width
1,220.00 cm
  
14
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Blue
  
White, Light Yellow, Ivory
  
Flower Color Modifier
Not Applicable
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Brown
  
Light Green, Chartreuse
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Green, Gray Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Gray Green, Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Yellow, Gold, Tan
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Green
  
Not Available
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Oblong
  
Lobed
  
Thorns
No
  
Yes
  
Plant Season
Summer
  
Spring, Summer, Fall
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Full Sun
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Slow
  
Type of Soil
Loamy, Sandy
  
Clay, Loam
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Drainage
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Bloom Time
Summer
  
Late Spring, Early Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
Yes
  
No
  
Tolerances
Not Available
  
Drought
  
Where to Plant?
Ground
  
Ground
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings
  
Seedlings, Stem Planting
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Low
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged, Prefer drip-irrigation instead of Over-head watering, Requires regular watering, Requires watering in the growing season
  
Do Not over Water, Medium, Requires watering in the growing season
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Adequately
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Alkaline, Neutral
  
Acidic, Neutral
  
Soil Type
Loamy, Sandy
  
Clay, Loam
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
  
Well drained
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Part sun
  
Full Sun
  
Pruning
Cut or pinch the stems, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth, Remove dead or diseased plant parts, Remove deadheads
  
Prune in fall, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
Nitrogen, Potassium
  
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Loopers, Root rot, Viruses, Worms
  
Beetles, Leafhoppers
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Yes
  
Showy
  
Flower Petal Number
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
No
  
Yes
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Glossy
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
Sometimes
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
Yes
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Butterflies
  
Not Available
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Mild Allergen
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Not Used For Aesthetic Purpose
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification
  
Air purification, Food for animals, Food for birds, Food for insects, Nesting sites for birds, Prevent Soil Erosion
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Cancer, Digestive disorders, Inflammation, Liver problems, Stomach pain
  
Low calories, Nutrients
  
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
  
Fruits, Seeds, Stem
  
Other Uses
Used as an ingredient in coffee
  
Food for animals, Used as firewood, Used As Food, Used in biomass
  
Used As Indoor Plant
No
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Not Available
  
Edible, Feature Plant, Shade Trees, Street Trees
  
Botanical Name
Cichorium intybus
  
CASTANEA mollissima
  
Common Name
Blue daisy, blue dandelion, blue sailors, blue weed, bunk, coffeeweed, cornflower, hendibeh, horseweed, ragged sailors, succory, wild bachelor's buttons, and wild endive
  
Chinese Chestnut
  
In Hindi
कासनी
  
चीनी अखरोट
  
In German
Chicoree
  
chinesische Kastanie
  
In French
chicorée
  
châtaignier chinois
  
In Spanish
achicoria
  
Castaño chino
  
In Greek
ραδίκι
  
Κινέζικο κάστανο
  
In Portuguese
chicória
  
castanha chinesa
  
In Polish
cykoria
  
Kasztan chiński
  
In Latin
pancratium
  
Chinese Chestnut
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Tracheophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Asterales
  
Fagales
  
Family
Asteraceae
  
Fagaceae
  
Genus
Cichorium
  
Castanea
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Tribe
Cichorieae
  
Gloxinieae
  
Subfamily
Cichorioideae
  
Cassidinae
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available