Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Herbs
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean, Turkey, Western Asia
California
Types
Herb
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Number of Varieties
33
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Cultivated Beds
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
-99998-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
-
Sunset Zone
A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
21,22
Habit
Clump-Forming
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
50.80 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown
Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Compound
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Medium
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Remove dead flowers
-
Fertilizers
Self-fertile
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Leafhoppers, Root Pathogen, Stem rot
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Plant Tolerance
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bugs
Birds
Allergy
-
Acidic
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Erosion control
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Appetite enhancer, Bloating, Digestion problems, Digestive, Heartburn, Menstrual Cramps, Stomach spasms
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root, Seeds
Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Medicinal oil, Used As Food, Used in flavouring curries, teas
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
CARUM carvi
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Common Name
Caraway, meridian fennel, Persian cumin
Christmas Berry, California Holly
In Hindi
शाहजीरा
Toyon
In German
Kümmel
Toyon
In French
carvi
Toyon
In Spanish
alcaravea
Toyon
In Greek
κύμινο
Toyon
In Portuguese
alcaravia
Toyon
In Polish
kminek
Toyon
In Latin
Caraway
Toyon
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Apiales
Rosales
Family
Apiaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Carum
Heteromeles
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Maleae
Subfamily
-
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
206
1
27800
👆🏻