Life Span
Biennial
Annual and Perennial
Type
Herbs
Tender Perennial
Origin
Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean, Turkey, Western Asia
Eastern Africa
Types
Herb
-
Number of Varieties
315
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Cultivated Beds
Rocky Ridges, Shores of rivers or lakes, Tropical Climate, tropical environments
USDA Hardiness Zone
-999911-12
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
7-1
Sunset Zone
A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Cushion/Mound-forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
50.80 cm25.40 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm25.40 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Purple, Violet
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Compound
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Indeterminate
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, stem tip cuttings
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Medium
Keep ground moist, Keep the Soil well drained, Medium, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Remove dead flowers
Pinch Tips, Prune prior to new growth, Prune to stimulate growth
Fertilizers
Self-fertile
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Leafhoppers, Root Pathogen, Stem rot
Grey mold, Leaf spot, Mites, Root rot
Plant Tolerance
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bugs
Butterflies, Flying insects, Hummingbirds
Allergy
-
Pollen
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Bouquets, Cut Flowers, Decorating walls, Hanging Basket, Showy Purposes, Used for decorating walls, fences, gates, hedges, etc.
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Appetite enhancer, Bloating, Digestion problems, Digestive, Heartburn, Menstrual Cramps, Stomach spasms
-
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root, Seeds
Flowers, Leaves
Other Uses
Medicinal oil, Used As Food, Used in flavouring curries, teas
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for bedding in gardens
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Container, Edging, Houseplant, Tropical
Botanical Name
CARUM carvi
EXACUM affine
Common Name
Caraway, meridian fennel, Persian cumin
German Violet, Persian Violet
In Hindi
शाहजीरा
persian violet
In German
Kümmel
persian violet
In French
carvi
persian violet
In Spanish
alcaravea
Violeta persa
In Greek
κύμινο
Περσικό Violet
In Portuguese
alcaravia
Violeta persa
In Polish
kminek
Persian Violet
In Latin
Caraway
hyacinthum Persarum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Apiales
Gentianales
Family
Apiaceae
Gentianaceae
Genus
Carum
Exacum
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
Exaceae
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
2025
1
27800
👆🏻