Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Herbs
Sedge or Rush
Origin
Europe, Eastern Europe, Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean, Turkey, Western Asia
World/Pandemic, North America, Europe, Russia/Siberia, Africa, Asia
Types
Herb
austrocalifornicus , effusus , laxus , pacificus , solutus
Number of Varieties
35
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Cultivated Beds
All sorts of environments, Banks, ditches, marshes, Shores of rivers or lakes
USDA Hardiness Zone
-99996-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
9-6
Sunset Zone
A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
50.80 cm45.70 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
25.40 cm61.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Brown
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown, Sandy Brown
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Light Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Green, Tan, Sandy Brown
Shape
Leaf Shape
Compound
Long hair-like leaves
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Divison, reseeds
Plant Maintenance
Low
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Medium
Does not require regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Poorly Drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Prune after flowering, Remove dead flowers
Prune to control growth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
Self-fertile
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Leafhoppers, Root Pathogen, Stem rot
-
Plant Tolerance
Light Frost, Shade areas, Variety of soil types
Drought
Flowers
Showy
Insignificant
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
Sometimes
Sometimes
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Bugs
Bumblebees, Flying insects
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Informal Hedge, Woodland margins
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Appetite enhancer, Bloating, Digestion problems, Digestive, Heartburn, Menstrual Cramps, Stomach spasms
-
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root, Seeds
-
Other Uses
Medicinal oil, Used As Food, Used in flavouring curries, teas
woven into the covering of tatami mats
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Bog Garden, Container, Mixed Border, Water Gardens
Botanical Name
CARUM carvi
JUNCUS effusus
Common Name
Caraway, meridian fennel, Persian cumin
Soft Rush
In Hindi
शाहजीरा
Soft Rush
In German
Kümmel
Soft Rush
In French
carvi
Soft Rush
In Spanish
alcaravea
Soft Rush
In Greek
κύμινο
Soft Rush
In Portuguese
alcaravia
Soft Rush
In Polish
kminek
Soft Rush
In Latin
Caraway
Soft Rush
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Liliopsida
Order
Apiales
Poales
Family
Apiaceae
Juncaceae
Genus
Carum
Juncus
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Commelinids, Monocots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
20400
1
27800
👆🏻