Life Span
Perennial
  
Annual and Perennial
  
Type
Perennial
  
Tender Perennial
  
Origin
Hybrid origin
  
Southern Europe, Mediterranean
  
Types
Not available
  
Not Available
  
Habitat
Damp forests, Woodland Garden
  
gardens, Grassland, Prairies
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
3-8
  
7-9
  
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
  
9-7
  
Sunset Zone
Not Available
  
4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
Habit
Rosette/Stemless
  
Mat-forming
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Height
Not Available
  
Minimum Width
Not Available
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Yellow, Red, Purple, Orange
  
Blue, Lavender
  
Flower Color Modifier
Not Available
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Not Applicable
  
Green
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
  
Gray Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
  
Gray Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
  
Gray Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
  
Light Green
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Oblong elliptic
  
Linear
  
Thorns
No
  
No
  
Plant Season
Summer, Fall
  
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Growth Rate
Medium
  
Fast
  
Type of Soil
Loam
  
Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Neutral
  
Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Average
  
Well drained
  
Bloom Time
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall, Fall
  
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
Yes
  
Tolerances
Drought
  
Drought
  
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
  
Container, Ground, Pot
  
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
  
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Medium
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Do not let dry out between waterings, Keep ground moist, Keep the Soil well drained, Requires regular watering
  
Allow soil to be completely dry in between waterings, Water Deeply, Water less during winter
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Neutral
  
Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Loam
  
Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
  
Well drained
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
  
Cut or pinch the stems, Do not prune during shooting season, Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Prune prior to new growth, Remove deadheads
  
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
  
No fertilizers needed
  
Pests and Diseases
Dry root rot, Leaf spot
  
fungus, Insects, Red blotch
  
Plant Tolerance
Drought
  
Drought
  
Flowers
Showy
  
Showy
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Single
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
No
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
No
  
No
  
Showy Bark
Insignificant
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Coarse
  
Fine
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Matte
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
No
  
Self-Sowing
No
  
No
  
Attracts
Insects
  
Bees, Birds, Butterflies
  
Allergy
Not Available
  
Skin irritation
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
  
Beautification, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Not Available
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
No
  
No
  
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
  
Air purification
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Not Available
  
No Medicinal Use
  
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Leaves
  
Whole plant
  
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
  
Showy Purposes
  
Used As Indoor Plant
Yes
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
  
Alpine, Container, Edging, Foundation, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden / Wall
  
Botanical Name
Primula beesiana
  
Erysimum cheiri
  
Common Name
Candelabra Primrose, Primrose
  
Wallflower
  
In Hindi
candelabra primrose
  
पीला Wallflower
  
In German
Kerzenleuchter Primel
  
Yellow Wallflower
  
In French
candélabre primevère
  
Yellow Wallflower
  
In Spanish
Primula beesiana
  
alhelí amarillo
  
In Greek
μανουάλια primrose
  
κίτρινο Wallflower
  
In Portuguese
prímula candelabros
  
Wallflower amarelo
  
In Polish
kandelabry pierwiosnka
  
Żółty Wallflower
  
In Latin
candelabra Primrose
  
Crocus Wallflower
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Myrtales
  
Brassicales
  
Family
Onagraceae
  
Brassicaceae
  
Genus
Oenothera
  
Erysimum
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
  
Tribe
Onagreae
  
Not Available
  
Subfamily
Onagroideae
  
Not Available
  
Number of Species
Not Available