Life Span
Perennial
Annual
Type
Perennial
Vegetable
Origin
Europe
Europe
Types
Linaria purpurea, Linaria maroccana, Linaria dalmatica
-
Number of Varieties
1505
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Dappled Shade, hedge rows, Shady Edge, Sunny Edge, Woodland Garden
agricultural areas, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
2-94-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
9-3
Sunset Zone
-
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Spreading
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
75.00 cm15.20 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
30.00 cm15.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Yellow, Orange, Light Yellow, Ivory
Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Green, Tan
Sienna, Black
Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
White, Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Simple lobed or unlobed
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Spring, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Spring, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Do not water the foliage, Keep the Soil well drained
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
8-8-8, since leafy plants, use higher nitrogen content fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Aphids, Beetles, Cabbage looper, Downy mildew, Fusarium leaf spot, Rust
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Full Sun, Humidity, Shallow soil
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
-
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Wildlife
Caterpillar, Mites
Allergy
Toxic
Diarrhea, Dizziness, Nausea
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin, Skin Problems
Anti-ageing, Hair Conditioner, Skin cleanser
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Fixes Nitrogen, Food for animals
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Antiphlogistic, Astringent, Boils, cathartic, Diuretic, Enteritis, Homeopathy, Jaundice, Liver problems, Ophthalmic, Piles, Purgative, Skin Disorders
Aging, Anti-oxidant, Digestion problems, Eliminate toxins, Nutritive, Obesity, Rich in Potassium
Part of Plant Used
Flowers, Leaves
Leaf Stalks, Leaves
Other Uses
Used as an insecticide, Used to make yellow dye
Culinary use, Sauces, Used to promote healthy blood flow during menstruation
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
-
Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable, Wildflower
Botanical Name
LINARIA vulgaris
BRASSICA rapa( Chinensis Group)
Common Name
Common toadflax, Yellow toadflax, Butter-and-eggs
Bok Choy, Chinese Cabbage, Choy Sum, Pak Choi
In Hindi
Butter and Eggs plant
choy sum
In German
Butter und Eier Pflanze
choy sum
In French
Beurre et œufs plante
choy sum
In Spanish
La mantequilla y la planta de huevos
choy sum
In Greek
Βούτυρο και φυτών Αυγά
choy sum
In Portuguese
Manteiga e Ovos planta
choy sum
In Polish
Masło i jajka roślin
choy sum
In Latin
Butyrum, ova , et herba
choy sum
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Scrophulariales
Capparales
Family
Scrophulariaceae
Brassicaceae
Genus
Linaria
Brassica
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
Antirrhineae
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
15018
1
27800
👆🏻