Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Palm or Cycad
Tree
Origin
South Africa
China
Types
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Ailanthus altissima
Number of Varieties
6650
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
Fields, Forest edges, Grassland, Roadsides
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-124-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-8
8-1
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Arching/Fountain-shaped
Plant Size
Minimum Height
290.00 cm1,220.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm1,070.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
Yellow green, Light Green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Pink, Light Green, Sienna
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Pinnate
Heart-shaped
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Slow
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Pollution, Drought, Salt, Soil Compaction
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs very little water
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water
In Summer
Lots of watering
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
In Spring
Moderate
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
In Winter
Average Water
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune in late summer or fall, Prune in late winter, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Red blotch, Spotted Lanterfly
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought, Variety of soil types
Flowers
Insignificant
Insignificant
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Coarse
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds
Allergy
-
allergic reaction, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Anthelmintic, Antispasmodic, Asthma, Astringent
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Bark, Root
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties, Used for woodware
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Shade Trees, Street Trees
Botanical Name
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
AILANTHUS altissima
Common Name
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
Tree-of-Heaven
In Hindi
Bread Tree
कल्पवृक्ष
In German
Brotbaum
Baum des Himmels
In French
Bread Arbre
Arbre de paradis
In Spanish
Árbol del pan
Arbol del Cielo
In Greek
ψωμί Δέντρο
Δέντρο του Ουρανού
In Portuguese
Árvore de pão
Árvore do céu
In Polish
chleb Drzewo
Drzewo Nieba
In Latin
panis ligno
Lignum de caelo
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Equisetopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Cycadales
Sapindales
Family
Cycadaceae
Simaroubaceae
Genus
Encephalartos
Ailanthus
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
666
1
27800
👆🏻