Life Span
Biennial
Biennial
Type
Palm or Cycad
Vegetable
Origin
South Africa
Southern Europe, Western Europe, Mediterranean
Types
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Brassica oleracea var. sabauda
Number of Varieties
667
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
Cultivated Beds, Moist Soils
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-126-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-8
6-1
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Rosette/Stemless
Plant Size
Minimum Height
290.00 cm25.40 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm30.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
Light Purple, Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Light Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Light Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green, Blue Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Pinnate
Ovate elongated
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Slow
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Cuttings, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs very little water
Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Bacterial leaf spot, Bacterial soft rot, Beet armyworm, Cabbage looper, Cabbageworm, Flea Beetles, Fungal leaf spots
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Bold
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Bugs, Rabbits
Allergy
-
Nausea
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Nutrients
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Whole plant
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used in chopped mixed salad, Used in curries, soups, stews
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Bedding Plant, Container, Edible, Herb / Vegetable
Botanical Name
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
Brassica oleracea
Common Name
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
Alcosa Cabbaga, Savoy Cabbage
In Hindi
Bread Tree
Savoy Cabbage
In German
Brotbaum
Wirsing
In French
Bread Arbre
Savoy Cabbage
In Spanish
Árbol del pan
col de col rizada
In Greek
ψωμί Δέντρο
Savoy Cabbage
In Portuguese
Árvore de pão
Savoy Cabbage
In Polish
chleb Drzewo
Kapusta włoska
In Latin
panis ligno
Brassica Sabaudiae
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Embryophyta
Class
Equisetopsida
Eudicotyledones
Order
Cycadales
Brassicales
Family
Cycadaceae
Brassicaceae
Genus
Encephalartos
Brassica
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
661
1
27800
👆🏻