Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Palm or Cycad
Needled or Scaled Evergreen
Origin
South Africa
Eastern Asia, Japan, Korea
Types
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Pinus thunbergii
Number of Varieties
6650
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
sand dunes, Sandhills, Sandy areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-125-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-8
8-5
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Clump-Forming
Pyramidal
Plant Size
Minimum Height
290.00 cm610.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm610.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
-
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Brown
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Pinnate
Subulate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Slow
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Fall, Summer, Winter
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Softwood cuttings, Stem Cutting, stem tip cuttings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs very little water
Do not water excessively, Do not water frequently, Needs less watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Insignificant
-
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
-
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Beetles, Nematodes, Sawfly, Scale Insects
Allergy
-
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Bonsai
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Antirheumatic
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Bark
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Herbicide, Used as a dye
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Feature Plant, Screening, Wind Break, Shade Trees, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
PINUS thunbergii
Common Name
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
Japanese Black Pine
Black Pine
In Hindi
Bread Tree
Japanese Black Pine
In German
Brotbaum
Japanese Black Pine
In French
Bread Arbre
Japonais pin noir
In Spanish
Árbol del pan
Pino Negro Japonés
In Greek
ψωμί Δέντρο
Ιαπωνικά Μαύρη Πεύκη
In Portuguese
Árvore de pão
Japonês Black Pine
In Polish
chleb Drzewo
Japoński sosna czarna
In Latin
panis ligno
White Pine Italica
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Equisetopsida
Pinopsida
Order
Cycadales
Pinales
Family
Cycadaceae
Pinaceae
Genus
Encephalartos
Pinus
Clade
-
-
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
664
1
27800
👆🏻