Life Span
Biennial
Annual and Perennial
Type
Palm or Cycad
Tender Perennial
Origin
South Africa
Southern Europe, Mediterranean
Types
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Erysimum franciscanum
Number of Varieties
6650
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
gardens, Grassland, Prairies
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-127-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-8
9-7
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
4, 5, 6, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Mat-forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
290.00 cm30.50 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm30.50 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
Pale White, Pale Yellow, Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Gray Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Pinnate
Linear
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Slow
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs very little water
Allow soil to be completely dry in between waterings, Water Deeply, Water less during winter
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Cut or pinch the stems, Do not prune during shooting season, Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Prune prior to new growth, Remove deadheads
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
No fertilizers needed
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
fungus, Insects, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Bees, Birds, Butterflies
Allergy
-
Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Air purification
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
-
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Whole plant
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Showy Purposes
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Alpine, Container, Edging, Foundation, Groundcover, Mixed Border, Rock Garden / Wall
Botanical Name
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
Erysimum franciscanum
Common Name
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
Franciscan wallflower, San Francisco wallflower
In Hindi
Bread Tree
Franciscan wallflower
In German
Brotbaum
Franziskaner Mauerblümchen
In French
Bread Arbre
wallflower franciscaine
In Spanish
Árbol del pan
alhelí franciscana
In Greek
ψωμί Δέντρο
Φραγκισκανών wallflower
In Portuguese
Árvore de pão
wallflower Franciscan
In Polish
chleb Drzewo
wallflower Franciszkanów
In Latin
panis ligno
Francisci Wallflower
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Equisetopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Cycadales
Brassicales
Family
Cycadaceae
Brassicaceae
Genus
Encephalartos
Erysimum
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
6650
1
27800
👆🏻