Life Span
Biennial
Perennial
Type
Palm or Cycad
Shrub
Origin
South Africa
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, Southeastern United States, Canada
Types
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Red chokeberry, Purple chokeberry
Number of Varieties
663
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
Anthropogenic, Boggy areas, Cliffs, Fens, Swamps, Terrestrial, Wet lands, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-123-8
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-8
8-1
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
A2, A3, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7
Habit
Clump-Forming
Thicket/Colonizing
Plant Size
Minimum Height
290.00 cm182.88 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
240.00 cm182.88 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
-
-
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
-
Fruit Color
-
Purplish-black
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
-
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
-
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
-
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Pinnate
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Slow
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
-
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Cuttings, Divison, Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs very little water
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Requires regular watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Prune after flowering, Remove branches that rub together, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove diseased branches by the tool's blades dipped into the alcohol solution
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
10-10-10, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Apply N-P-K
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
-
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
-
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
-
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
-
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
-
Allergy
-
Anaphylaxis
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Air purification, Food for birds, Wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
anti-cancer, Antioxidants, Cold
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Fruits
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Pectin
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Foundation, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
ARONIA melanocarpa
Common Name
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
Black Chokeberry
In Hindi
Bread Tree
Black Chokeberry Shrub
In German
Brotbaum
Schwarz Aronia Strauch
In French
Bread Arbre
Noir Chokeberry Arbuste
In Spanish
Árbol del pan
Chokeberry negro Arbusto
In Greek
ψωμί Δέντρο
Μαύρο Chokeberry θάμνων
In Portuguese
Árvore de pão
Chokeberry preto Arbusto
In Polish
chleb Drzewo
Krzew aronii
In Latin
panis ligno
Lichen Frutex
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Equisetopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Cycadales
Rosales
Family
Cycadaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Encephalartos
Aronia
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Maleae
Subfamily
-
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
663
1
27800
👆🏻