Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Perennial
Origin
Argentina, Chile
Europe, Russia
Types
-
Primula elatior
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Hardwood forests, pine woods
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
7-94-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
7-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Spreading
Rosette/Stemless
Plant Size
Minimum Height
60.00 cm30.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
90.00 cm25.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Light Pink
Light Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
White, Purple, Rose, Violet, Plum, Black
Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green, Bronze
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Semi-hardwood cuttings
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Low
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead flowers, Remove dead leaves
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Nitrogen
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial fruit blotch, Downy mildew, Gall Insects, Mites, Powdery mildew
Slugs, Snails
Plant Tolerance
Drought, Shade areas
Variety of soil types
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Insects
Insects
Allergy
Hives, inflammation in lips, Sore Throat, Swelling in the face
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
Glowing Skin, Good for skin
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Food for animals, Food for birds
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Analgesic, Anodyne, Antirheumatic, Antispasmodic, Astringent, Carminative
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves, Stem
Root
Other Uses
For making oil, For making oil for cosmetics, Medicinal oil, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Edging, Foundation, Hedges, Mixed Border
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Gaultheria procumbens
Primula elatior
Common Name
Eastern teaberry, checkerberry, American wintergreen
Oxlip, true oxlip
In Hindi
boxberry
Oxlip
In German
boxberry
Hohe Schlüsselblume
In French
boxberry
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
In Spanish
boxberry
Primula elatior
In Greek
boxberry
δακράκι
In Portuguese
boxberry
Oxlip
In Polish
boxberry
Oxlip
In Latin
Burning
Oxlip
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Ericales
Myrtales
Family
Ericaceae
Onagraceae
Genus
Gaultheria
Oenothera
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Gaultherieae
Onagreae
Subfamily
Vaccinioideae
Onagroideae
Number of Species
141145
1
27800
👆🏻