Life Span
Perennial
  
Biennial
  
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
  
Bulb, Flowering Plants
  
Origin
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
  
World/Pandemic, Europe, Asia
  
Types
Red pepper, Orange pepper
  
Crocus tommasinianus, Crocus etruscus, Crocus vernus, Crocus cambessedesii
  
Habitat
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
  
gardens, Grassland, open Woodlands, orchards, Pastures, tropical environments
  
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-15
  
2-10
  
AHS Heat Zone
12 - 1
  
10 - 1
  
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
  
21,22
  
Habit
Clump-Forming
  
Upright/Erect
  
Plant Size
  
  
Minimum Width
Not Available
  
Plant Color
  
  
Flower Color
Lemon yellow
  
Red, Violet
  
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
  
Bicolor
  
Fruit Color
Red, Green, Light Green
  
Not Available
  
Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green, Dark Green
  
Green, Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Green, Dark Green
  
Dark Green
  
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green, Dark Green
  
Light Green
  
Shape
  
  
Leaf Shape
Circular cordate
  
Ovate
  
Thorns
No
  
Yes
  
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
  
Spring, Summer, Winter
  
Growing Conditions
  
  
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Growth Rate
Fast
  
Very Fast
  
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Drainage
Average
  
Well drained
  
Bloom Time
Not Available
  
Spring, Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
  
Repeat Bloomer
No
  
Yes
  
Tolerances
Drought
  
Pollution, Drought, Salt, Soil Compaction
  
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground
  
Container, Ground
  
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
  
Seedlings
  
Plant Maintenance
Medium
  
Low
  
Watering Plants
  
  
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
  
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering
  
In Summer
Lots of watering
  
Lots of watering
  
In Spring
Moderate
  
Moderate
  
In Winter
Average Water
  
Average Water
  
Soil
  
  
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
  
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
  
Clay, Loam, Sand
  
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
  
Well drained
  
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
  
Full Sun, Partial Sun
  
Pruning
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
  
Prune to stimulate growth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead leaves, Remove deadheads
  
Fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
  
Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Potassium, Requires high amount of nitrogen
  
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
  
Insects, Red blotch
  
Plant Tolerance
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
  
Not Available
  
Flowers
Not Available
  
Showy
  
Flower Petal Number
Single
  
Not Available
  
Fruits
  
  
Showy Fruit
No
  
Yes
  
Edible Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrance
  
  
Fragrant Flower
No
  
Yes
  
Fragrant Fruit
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Leaf
No
  
No
  
Fragrant Bark/Stem
No
  
No
  
Showy Foliage
Yes
  
Yes
  
Showy Bark
Yes
  
No
  
Foliage Texture
Medium
  
Coarse
  
Foliage Sheen
Matte
  
Glossy
  
Evergreen
No
  
No
  
Invasive
No
  
Yes
  
Self-Sowing
No
  
Yes
  
Attracts
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
  
Flying insects
  
Allergy
Oral Allergy
  
Diarrhea, Nausea, Vomiting
  
Uses
  
  
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
  
Beautification, Showy Purposes
  
Beauty Benefits
Acne, Blackheads
  
Not Available
  
Edible Uses
Yes
  
Yes
  
Environmental Uses
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
  
Air purification, Food for insects
  
Plant Benefits
  
  
Medicinal Uses
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
  
Unknown, Unknown
  
Part of Plant Used
Dried seeds
  
Stem
  
Other Uses
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
  
Decoration Purposes
  
Used As Indoor Plant
Yes
  
No
  
Used As Outdoor Plant
Yes
  
Yes
  
Garden Design
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
  
Not Available
  
Botanical Name
Piper nigrum
  
CARDUUS nutans
  
Common Name
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
  
Musk Thistle, Nodding Thistle
  
In Hindi
काली मिर्च
  
कस्तूरी थीस्ल
  
In German
Pfeffer
  
Nickende Distel
  
In French
Piper nigrum
  
Musk Thistle
  
In Spanish
Poivrier noir
  
Cardo de almizcle
  
In Greek
μαύρο πιπέρι
  
musk Thistle
  
In Portuguese
Pimenta-preta
  
musk Thistle
  
In Polish
Pieprz czarny
  
Musk Thistle
  
In Latin
nigrum piperis
  
Carduus MOSCHUS
  
Kingdom
Plantae
  
Plantae
  
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
  
Magnoliophyta
  
Class
Magnoliopsida
  
Magnoliopsida
  
Order
Piperales
  
Asterales
  
Family
Piperaceae
  
Asteraceae
  
Genus
Piper
  
Carduus
  
Clade
Angiosperms, Monocots
  
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
  
Tribe
Not Available
  
Cynareae
  
Subfamily
Not Available
  
Carduoideae
  
Number of Species
Not Available
  
Not Available