Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Needled or Scaled Evergreen
Tree
Origin
Eastern Europe, Southern Europe
Africa, South-Eastern Asia
Types
Eastern Austrian Pine, Western Austrian Pine
Terminalia arjuna
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Wet ground, Wet lands
Subtropical forests, Tropical regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-85-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
9 - 5
Sunset Zone
A3, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
610.00 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Green
Pale Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Brown
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Brown, Light Yellow, Tan
Shape
Leaf Shape
Linear
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Summer
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Cuttings, Layering
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Needs less watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Aphids, Downy mildew, Purple Blotch, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas
Flowers
-
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Fine
Fine
Foliage Sheen
-
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Bees, Flies, pollinators
Allergy
Asthma, Rash, Skin rash
conjunctivitis, sneezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Formal Garden, Used in parkland
-
Beauty Benefits
-
Making cosmetics
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Soil protection
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Cardiovascular problems, Detoxifies lever, Diabetes, Dysentry, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders
Part of Plant Used
Tree trunks
Inner Bark, Leaf Stalks
Other Uses
Used as firewood, Used in construction, Used in Furniture, Used in pulpwood and lumber production, Wood is used for making furniture, Wood is used fore making tools, Wood is used in construction, Wood log is used in making fences
Can be made into a herbal tea, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used as a fodder tree in agricultural areas
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Feature Plant, Screening, Wind Break, Shade Trees
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border, Wildflower
Botanical Name
PINUS nigra
Terminalia arjuna
Common Name
European Black Pine
Arjuna
In Hindi
Austrian Pine
अर्जुन वृक्ष
In German
Schwarzkiefer
Terminalia arjuna
In French
Pin noir d'Autriche
Terminalia arjuna
In Spanish
pino salgareño
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Greek
Η αυστριακή πεύκα
arjuna
In Portuguese
Pinheiro-larício
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Polish
Sosna czarna
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Latin
Austrian Pine
arjuna
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Pinopsida
-
Order
Pinales
Myrtales
Family
Pinaceae
Poaceae
Genus
Pinus
Terminilia
Clade
-
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
3100
1
27800
👆🏻