Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Tree
Origin
California
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, Western United States, Northwestern United States, Alaska, Canada
Types
Heteromeles arbutifolia
-
Number of Varieties
32
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
Forest margins, Thickets
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-104-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
8-1
Sunset Zone
21,22
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm370.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm430.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
Ivory
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange Red
Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Dark Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Dark Green
Yellow, Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
-
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic
Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Summer
Late Spring
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Salt
-
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Divison, Seedlings, Transplanting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
Do Not over Water, Keep ground moist
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral
Soil Type
Clay, Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
-
Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, for fruiting plants, use high phosphorous content fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Bacterial leaf spot, Cane Spot, fungus, Powdery mildew, Viruses
Plant Tolerance
Drought
-
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Birds, Butterflies
Allergy
Acidic
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Good for skin
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Erosion control
Food for birds, soil erosion prevension on hill slopes, soil stabilisation
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Cold, Fever
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Whole plant
Other Uses
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Screening / Wind Break
Botanical Name
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Sambucus racemosa
Common Name
Christmas Berry, California Holly
Red Elderberry, Red-berried Elderberry
In Hindi
Toyon
Red Elderberry
In German
Toyon
Rote Holunder
In French
Toyon
Red sureau
In Spanish
Toyon
La baya del saúco roja
In Greek
Toyon
κόκκινο Elderberry
In Portuguese
Toyon
Red Elderberry
In Polish
Toyon
Red Elderberry
In Latin
Toyon
pubens
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Rosales
Dipsacales
Family
Rosaceae
Caprifoliaceae
Genus
Heteromeles
Sambucus
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
Maleae
-
Subfamily
Amygdaloideae
-
Number of Species
67
1
27800
👆🏻