Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Origin
Southwestern United States, Texas, Mexico, Central America
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Types
Arbutus xalapensis
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Number of Varieties
107
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
limestone outcrops, Open Plains
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
7-118-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
12 - 1
Sunset Zone
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval/Rounded
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
640.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
795.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White, Ivory
Lemon yellow
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red, Orange
Red, Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Light Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Elliptic and Ovate
Circular cordate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Slow
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Early Spring, Spring, Late Winter
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do not water frequently
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
In Summer
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
Lots of watering
In Spring
Average Water
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove dead or diseased plant parts
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Fertilizers
-
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
Pests and Diseases
-
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Flowers
Showy
-
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Allergy
-
Oral Allergy
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Blackheads
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Food for birds, Shelter for wildlife
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Astringent
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Wood
Dried seeds
Other Uses
Used for making wheel hubs, tool handles, Used for woodware
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Feature Plant
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Botanical Name
ARBUTUS xalapensis
Piper nigrum
Common Name
Lady's Leg, Manzanita, Texas Madrone
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
In Hindi
Texas Madrone
काली मिर्च
In German
Texas Madrone
Pfeffer
In French
Texas Madrone
Piper nigrum
In Spanish
Arbutus xalapensis
Poivrier noir
In Greek
Texas Madrone
μαύρο πιπέρι
In Portuguese
Texas Madrone
Pimenta-preta
In Polish
Texas Madrone
Pieprz czarny
In Latin
Texas Madrone
nigrum piperis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Tracheophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Ericales
Piperales
Family
Ericaceae
Piperaceae
Genus
Arbutus
Piper
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
11100
1
27800
👆🏻