Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Origin
North America, United States, Northeastern United States, Mid-Atlantic United States, North-Central United States, Central United States, Western United States, Northwestern United States, Alaska, Canada
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Types
-
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Number of Varieties
27
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Forest margins, Thickets
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-78-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-1
12 - 1
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Oval or Rounded
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
370.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
430.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Ivory
Lemon yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Red
Red, Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Yellow, Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Light Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Circular cordate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Fast
Fast
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Late Spring
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Divison, Seedlings, Transplanting
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Keep ground moist
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, for fruiting plants, use high phosphorous content fertilizer
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
Pests and Diseases
Bacterial leaf spot, Cane Spot, fungus, Powdery mildew, Viruses
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
Plant Tolerance
-
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Flowers
Showy
-
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Butterflies
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Allergy
-
Oral Allergy
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
Beauty Benefits
Good for skin
Acne, Blackheads
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Food for birds, soil erosion prevension on hill slopes, soil stabilisation
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Cold, Fever
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Part of Plant Used
Whole plant
Dried seeds
Other Uses
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Screening / Wind Break
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Botanical Name
Sambucus racemosa
Piper nigrum
Common Name
Red Elderberry, Red-berried Elderberry
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
In Hindi
Red Elderberry
काली मिर्च
In German
Rote Holunder
Pfeffer
In French
Red sureau
Piper nigrum
In Spanish
La baya del saúco roja
Poivrier noir
In Greek
κόκκινο Elderberry
μαύρο πιπέρι
In Portuguese
Red Elderberry
Pimenta-preta
In Polish
Red Elderberry
Pieprz czarny
In Latin
pubens
nigrum piperis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Dipsacales
Piperales
Family
Caprifoliaceae
Piperaceae
Genus
Sambucus
Piper
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
71100
1
27800
👆🏻