Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
China, Japan
Europe, Russia
Types
Pachysandra procumbens, Pachysandra terminalis
Symphytum officinale (common comfrey), Symphytum asperum (rough comfrey)
Number of Varieties
22
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Deep, Hardwood forests, moist forests, Terrestrial
Cold Regions, stream banks
USDA Hardiness Zone
4-86-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
-
Sunset Zone
21,22
21,22
Habit
Prostrate/Trailing
Upright/Erect
Plant Size
Minimum Height
6.00 cm20.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
60.00 cm90.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
White
White, Light Pink
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Dark Green
Red, Green, Copper
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Green, Blue Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Red, Dark Green, Burgundy, Bronze
Shape
Leaf Shape
Toothed
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
-
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Rooted stem cutting, Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Root Division, Transplanting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs more water during establishment
Allow to dry out slightly between watering, Water daily during growing season
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral
Soil Type
Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Partial shade, Full Shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Cut or pinch the stems, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
14-14-14 Fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, can go long without fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Alternaria leaf blight, Red blotch, Stem rot
Aphids, Stem spot
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Shallow soil, Sun
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Ants, pollinators
Ants, Butterflies, pollinators
Allergy
allergic reaction
Antibacterial, Peripheral Edema
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Ground Cover, Mass in beds, slopes
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Beautiful Skin, Reduce Bruises, Remove blemishes
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Fixes Nitrogen
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
Asthma, Diarrhea, Obesity, Osteoarthritis
Part of Plant Used
Fruits
Leaves, Twigs
Other Uses
Planted in shelterbeds, Showy Purposes, Used for bedding in gardens
Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edging, Groundcover
Container, Feature Plant, Foundation, Groundcover, Hedges, Mixed Border, Tropical
Botanical Name
PACHYSANDRA terminalis
Symphytum asperum
Common Name
japanese spurge, japanese pachysandra, carpet box
Comfrey,Black Root, Blackwort, Bruisewort
In Hindi
pachysandra
Blackwort
In German
Ysander
Blackwort
In French
pachysandra
Blackwort
In Spanish
Pachysandra
Blackwort
In Greek
Pachysandra
Blackwort
In Portuguese
Pachysandra
Blackwort
In Polish
Runianka
Blackwort
In Latin
Pachysandra
Blackwort
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Vascular plant
Magnoliophyta
Class
-
Magnoliopsida
Order
Buxales
Lamiales
Family
Buxaceae
Boraginaceae
Genus
Pachysandra
Symphytum
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
sarcococceae
-
Subfamily
-
Boraginoideae
Number of Species
535
1
27800
👆🏻