Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Fruit
Perennial
Origin
Central Asia, Southern Asia, Western Ghats, India
Europe, Russia
Types
congesta, paucinervia
Primula elatior
Number of Varieties
21
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Fertile bottom land, moist forests, Temperate Regions, Tropical Forests
Roadsides, sand dunes, Waste areas
USDA Hardiness Zone
-99994-7
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
8-3
7-1
Sunset Zone
-
A1, A2, A3, H1, H2, 1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Upright/Erect
Rosette/Stemless
Plant Size
Minimum Height
120.00 cm30.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
120.00 cm25.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Pale White, White
Light Yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Purple, Black
Tan
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Light Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oval
Oblong
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall
Summer
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Divison, Seedlings, Stem Planting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Low
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Keep the ground moist but not water-logged
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water, Never Over-water, Requires regular watering, Water more in summer
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Prune if you want to improve plant shape, Remove dead leaves
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
Compost, fertilize in growing season
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, fertilize in growing season
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Earwigs, Insects, Mildew, Red blotch, Rust, sawflies
Slugs, Snails
Plant Tolerance
Dry soil, Heat And Humidity
Variety of soil types
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Butterflies, Fruit Bats
Insects
Allergy
Eczema, Mouth itching, Throat itching
Abdominal pain, Constipation, Diarrhea, Skin irritation
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Beautification, Borders, Landscape Designing, Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
good for lips, Remove blemishes
Good for skin, Making cosmetics, Stops hair loss
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification, Food for animals, Food for birds, soil stabilisation
Air purification, Food for insects, Versatility
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Anemia, Diuretic, Potassium, Rich in Iron, Vitamin C
Eczema
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Leaves
Root
Other Uses
Added to salads, Cosmetics, Culinary use, Used as a nutritious food item, Used As Food, Used for its medicinal properties
Decoration Purposes, Medicinal oil, Showy Purposes, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Hedges
Edging, Feature Plant, Groundcover, Mixed Border
Botanical Name
Carissa carandas
Primula elatior
Common Name
Black Currant
Oxlip, true oxlip
In Hindi
करोंदा, कालि मैना
Oxlip
In German
Carandas
Hohe Schlüsselblume
In French
karondas
La Primevère élevée ou Primevère des bois
In Spanish
karondas
Primula elatior
In Greek
karondas
δακράκι
In Portuguese
karondas
Oxlip
In Polish
karondas
Oxlip
In Latin
karondas
Oxlip
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Gentianales
Myrtales
Family
Apocynaceae
Onagraceae
Genus
Carissa
Oenothera
Clade
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Onagreae
Subfamily
-
Onagroideae
Number of Species
10145
1
27800
👆🏻