Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
North America, Canada
California
Types
Celtis africana, Celtis australis, Celtis bungeana
Heteromeles arbutifolia
Number of Varieties
703
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
bottomlands, limestone outcrops
Foot Hills, low mountains, Woodlands
USDA Hardiness Zone
2-98-10
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-1
-
Sunset Zone
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
21,22
Habit
Spreading
Oval or Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1,220.00 cm120.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Green
White
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Purple
Red, Orange Red
Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Yellow
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
-
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Toothed
Elliptic
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Fall
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Medium
Medium
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Spring
Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought, Heat Tolerance, Salt, Shade areas
Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Ground
Ground
How to Plant?
Grafting, Seedlings
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Needs 2-3 times watering per week
Does not require water in summer, Requires watering in the growing season
In Summer
Average Water
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove tight V-branching crotches
-
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Apply 10-10-10 amount, organic fertlizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Solid Fertilizers
Pests and Diseases
Black sooty mold, Fungal Diseases, Powdery mildew, Red blotch, woolly aphid
Bacterial Diseases, Root Pathogen
Plant Tolerance
Shade areas
Drought
Flowers
Insignificant
Showy
Flower Petal Number
-
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Birds, Insects
Birds
Allergy
-
Acidic
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
-
Beautification
Beauty Benefits
Slow downs aging
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Food for animals, Food for birds
Erosion control
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Colic, Diarrhea, Dysentry, Menstrual Disorders, Sore throat
Body Ache, Stomach pain
Part of Plant Used
Fruits, Pulp, Seeds, Wood
Fruits, Leaves
Other Uses
Food for animals, Used as a nutritious food item
Decoration Purposes, Sauces
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Screening / Wind Break, Shade Trees, Street Trees
Mixed Border, Screening, Wind Break, Topiary, Bonsai, Espalier
Botanical Name
CELTIS occidentalis
HETEROMELES arbutifolia
Common Name
Common Hackberry, Hackberry
Christmas Berry, California Holly
In Hindi
HACKBERRY
Toyon
In German
Hackberry
Toyon
In French
micocoulier
Toyon
In Spanish
almez
Toyon
In Greek
hackberry
Toyon
In Portuguese
hackberry
Toyon
In Polish
hackberry
Toyon
In Latin
Hackberry
Toyon
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Urticales
Rosales
Family
Ulmaceae
Rosaceae
Genus
Celtis
Heteromeles
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
-
Maleae
Subfamily
-
Amygdaloideae
Number of Species
706
1
27800
👆🏻