Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Tree
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Origin
Southeastern Asia, India, China
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Types
Tropical Fruit Tree
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Number of Varieties
107
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Subtropical forests, Tropical Forests
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
10-158-15
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12-9
12 - 1
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 24
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Spreading
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
1,220.00 cm180.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
1,370.00 cm60.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Ivory
Lemon yellow
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Green, Yellow green, Brown
Red, Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Dark Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Dark Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Dark Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Dark Green
Light Green, Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Oblong or Lanceolate
Circular cordate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Fast
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Average
Bloom Time
Early Summer, Summer, Late Summer
-
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
-
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Cuttings, Seedlings
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove dead branches
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Fertilizers
Put diluted fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
Pests and Diseases
Chlorosis, Susceptible to insect pests and moulds
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Flowers
Showy
-
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Coarse
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Glossy
Matte
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
-
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Allergy
-
Oral Allergy
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Showy Purposes
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
Beauty Benefits
-
Acne, Blackheads
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Antibacterial, Antidiabetic, Antifungal, antimicrobial, Astringent, Expectorant
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Part of Plant Used
Bark, Fruits, Leaves
Dried seeds
Other Uses
Jam, Jelly, used in Indian cuisine in curries
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Edible, Feature Plant, Fruit / Fruit Tree, Shade Trees, Tropical
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Botanical Name
DILLENIA indica
Piper nigrum
Common Name
Chulta, Elephant Apple
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
In Hindi
Elephant Apple
काली मिर्च
In German
Elefant von Apple
Pfeffer
In French
Elephant d'Apple
Piper nigrum
In Spanish
El elefante de Apple
Poivrier noir
In Greek
ελέφαντας της Apple
μαύρο πιπέρι
In Portuguese
Elefante da Apple
Pimenta-preta
In Polish
Słoń Jabłko
Pieprz czarny
In Latin
Elephant Apple
nigrum piperis
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Dilleniales
Piperales
Family
Dilleniaceae
Piperaceae
Genus
Dillenia
Piper
Clade
Angiosperms, Core eudicots, Eudicots
Angiosperms, Monocots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
11100
1
27800
👆🏻