Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Shrub
Tree
Origin
Madagascar
Africa, South-Eastern Asia
Types
Euphorbia tithymaloides tithymaloides, Euphorbia tithymaloides angustifolia
Terminalia arjuna
Number of Varieties
81
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
subtropical regions, Tropical regions
Subtropical forests, Tropical regions
USDA Hardiness Zone
9-135-9
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
-
9 - 5
Sunset Zone
H2, 13, 23, 24
1a, 1b, 2a, 2b, 3a, 3b, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 14, 18, 19, 20, 21
Habit
Upright/Erect
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
90.00 cm300.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
30.00 cm45.70 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Purple, Orange, Pink, Magenta
Pale Yellow, Yellow green
Flower Color Modifier
-
Bicolor
Fruit Color
-
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Spring
Green, Gray Green, Burgundy
Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green, Gray Green
Light Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green, Gray Green
Green, Light Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Green, Gray Green
Brown, Light Yellow, Tan
Shape
Leaf Shape
Ovate
Oval
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Medium
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Well drained
Average
Bloom Time
Late Spring, Early Summer, Summer, Indeterminate
Summer, Late Summer, Early Fall
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Pollution, Drought, Salt
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground, Pot
Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Softwood cuttings
Seedlings, Stem Cutting
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs, Do Not over Water
Needs less watering
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Neutral, Alkaline
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Clay, Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Well drained
Average
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Cut upper 1/3 section when young to enhancegrowth, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Compost
Pests and Diseases
Red blotch
Aphids, Downy mildew, Purple Blotch, Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought, Salt and Soil Compaction, Shade areas
Flowers
Showy
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Bold
Fine
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
Sometimes
Sometimes
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Hummingbirds
Bees, Flies, pollinators
Allergy
Carcinogenic, Diarrhea, Skin irritation, Toxic
conjunctivitis, sneezing
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Cottage Garden, Showy Purposes
-
Beauty Benefits
Skin Problems
Making cosmetics
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Soil protection
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Asthma, Emetic, Inflammation, Intestinal worms
Cardiovascular problems, Detoxifies lever, Diabetes, Dysentry, Jaundice, Menstrual Disorders
Part of Plant Used
Leaves, Root
Inner Bark, Leaf Stalks
Other Uses
Tea-like beverage can be brewed, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Can be made into a herbal tea, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used as a fodder tree in agricultural areas
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Houseplant, Mixed Border, Rock Garden, Wall, Tropical
Dried Flower/Everlasting, Lawns and Turf, Mixed Border, Wildflower
Botanical Name
Euphorbia tithymaloides
Terminalia arjuna
Common Name
Devil's Backbone
Arjuna
In Hindi
Devil's Backbone
अर्जुन वृक्ष
In German
Devil's Backbone
Terminalia arjuna
In French
Backbone du Diable
Terminalia arjuna
In Spanish
El espinazo del diablo
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Greek
Devil's Backbone
arjuna
In Portuguese
Espinha do Diabo
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Polish
Kręgosłup diabła
Migdałecznik arjuna
In Latin
Narum diaboli
arjuna
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Magnoliophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
-
Order
Malpighiales
Myrtales
Family
Crassulaceae
Poaceae
Genus
Euphorbia
Terminilia
Clade
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Angiosperms, Eudicots, Rosids
Tribe
Euphorbieae
-
Subfamily
Euphorbioideae
-
Number of Species
2000100
1
27800
👆🏻