Life Span
Perennial
Perennial
Type
Broadleaf Evergreen, Vines
Broadleaf Evergreen
Origin
India, Indonesia, Southeast Asia, Southern Asia
Southwestern United States, Texas, Mexico, Central America
Types
Red pepper, Orange pepper
Arbutus xalapensis
Number of Varieties
710
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
Moist Soils, orchards, Temperate Regions
limestone outcrops, Open Plains
USDA Hardiness Zone
8-157-11
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
12 - 1
-
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 8, 9, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
7, 8, 9, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Oval/Rounded
Plant Size
Minimum Height
180.00 cm640.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
60.00 cm795.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Lemon yellow
White, Ivory
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
-
Fruit Color
Red, Green, Light Green
Red, Orange
Leaf Color in Spring
Light Green, Dark Green
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Leaf Color in Summer
Light Green
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Leaf Color in Fall
Light Green, Dark Green
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green, Dark Green
Green, Blue Green, Olive
Shape
Leaf Shape
Circular cordate
Elliptic and Ovate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Growth Rate
Fast
Slow
Type of Soil
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
-
Early Spring, Spring, Late Winter
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Container, Ground
Container, Ground
How to Plant?
Seedlings, Stem Planting, Vegetative Reproduction
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Do Not over Water, Sprinkle water over foliage, Water every two or three days during warmer months
Do not water frequently
In Summer
Lots of watering
Drought Tolerant, Average Water
In Spring
Moderate
Average Water
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Loam, Sand
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Pruning
A hard prune may be necessary if the plant becomes woody, Remove dead branches, Trim each shoot back to the first set of leaves
Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
10-10-10 diluted liquid fertilizer, All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer, Do not let fertilizers touch the leaves
-
Pests and Diseases
Aphids, Beetles, Root rot, Rust, Scab
-
Plant Tolerance
Heat Tolerance, Humidity, Salt and Soil Compaction
Drought
Flowers
-
Showy
Flower Petal Number
Single
Single
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Medium
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Aphids, Leafminer, Snails, Squirrels
Birds
Allergy
Oral Allergy
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Beautification, Cottage Garden, Decorating walls
-
Beauty Benefits
Acne, Blackheads
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Fixes Nitrogen, Insect Repellent
Food for birds, Shelter for wildlife
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
Acid Reflux, Dysentry, Healthy teeth, Inflammation, Oral health
Astringent
Part of Plant Used
Dried seeds
Fruits, Wood
Other Uses
Culinary use, Oil is used for aromatherapy, Used in herbal medicines
Used for making wheel hubs, tool handles, Used for woodware
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Container, Feature Plant, Hedges, Screening / Wind Break, Tropical
Edible, Feature Plant
Botanical Name
Piper nigrum
ARBUTUS xalapensis
Common Name
Peppercorn, Piper, Black pepper
Lady's Leg, Manzanita, Texas Madrone
In Hindi
काली मिर्च
Texas Madrone
In German
Pfeffer
Texas Madrone
In French
Piper nigrum
Texas Madrone
In Spanish
Poivrier noir
Arbutus xalapensis
In Greek
μαύρο πιπέρι
Texas Madrone
In Portuguese
Pimenta-preta
Texas Madrone
In Polish
Pieprz czarny
Texas Madrone
In Latin
nigrum piperis
Texas Madrone
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Magnoliopsida
Order
Piperales
Ericales
Family
Piperaceae
Ericaceae
Genus
Piper
Arbutus
Clade
Angiosperms, Monocots
Angiosperms, Asterids, Eudicots
Tribe
-
-
Subfamily
-
-
Number of Species
11001
1
27800
👆🏻