Life Span
Perennial
Biennial
Type
Herbaceous Perennial
Palm or Cycad
Origin
-
South Africa
Types
-
Alexandria cycad, Encephalartos caffer, Encephalartos concinnus
Number of Varieties
866
0
40000
👆🏻
Habitat
meadows, Waterside Plantings, Woodlands
Riverbanks, Rocky areas, Scrubs
USDA Hardiness Zone
6-99-12
0
99
👆🏻
AHS Heat Zone
9-5
12-8
Sunset Zone
H1, H2, 3a, 3b, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
H1, H2, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24
Habit
Clump-Forming
Clump-Forming
Plant Size
Minimum Height
55.90 cm290.00 cm
0
3900
👆🏻
Minimum Width
71.10 cm240.00 cm
0
6350
👆🏻
Plant Color
Flower Color
Purple, Gold, Black
-
Flower Color Modifier
Bicolor
Bicolor
Fruit Color
Green
-
Leaf Color in Spring
Green
Green, Dark Green
Leaf Color in Summer
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Fall
Green
Dark Green
Leaf Color in Winter
Light Green
Dark Green
Shape
Leaf Shape
Sword-like
Pinnate
Thorns
✔
✘
✔
✘
Plant Season
Spring, Winter
Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter
Growing Conditions
Sunlight
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Growth Rate
Medium
Slow
Type of Soil
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
The pH of Soil
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Drainage
Average
Well drained
Bloom Time
Early Spring, Spring, Late Spring, Late Winter
Early Summer, Summer
Repeat Bloomer
✔
✘
✔
✘
Tolerances
Drought
Drought
Where to Plant?
Ground, Pot
Container, Ground, Pot
How to Plant?
Rhizome division
Seedlings
Plant Maintenance
Medium
Medium
Watering Plants
Watering Requirements
Average Water Needs
Needs very little water
In Summer
Lots of watering
Lots of watering
In Spring
Moderate
Moderate
In Winter
Average Water
Average Water
Soil
Soil pH
Acidic, Neutral
Acidic, Neutral, Alkaline
Soil Type
Clay, Loam
Loam, Sand
Soil Drainage Capacity
Average
Well drained
Sun Exposure
Full Sun, Partial Sun
Full Sun, Partial Sun, Partial shade
Pruning
Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves
Remove crossing or rubbing branches, Remove damaged leaves, Remove dead branches, Remove dead leaves, Remove dead or diseased plant parts
Fertilizers
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
All-Purpose Liquid Fertilizer
Pests and Diseases
Pest Free
Red blotch
Plant Tolerance
Drought
Drought
Flowers
✔
✘
✔
✘
Flower Petal Number
Single
-
Fruits
Showy Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Edible Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrance
Fragrant Flower
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Fruit
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Leaf
✔
✘
✔
✘
Fragrant Bark/Stem
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Foliage
✔
✘
✔
✘
Showy Bark
✔
✘
✔
✘
Foliage Texture
Medium
Bold
Foliage Sheen
Matte
Glossy
Evergreen
✔
✘
✔
✘
Invasive
✔
✘
✔
✘
Self-Sowing
✔
✘
✔
✘
Attracts
Hummingbirds, Mammals
Birds
Allergy
allergic reaction, Skin irritation
-
Uses
Aesthetic Uses
Bog Garden, Cut Flowers, Showy Purposes
Showy Purposes
Beauty Benefits
-
-
Edible Uses
✔
✘
✔
✘
Environmental Uses
Air purification
Air purification, Shadow Tree, Windbreak
Plant Benefits
Medicinal Uses
-
-
Part of Plant Used
Bulbs, Flowers
Leaves, Seeds, Stem
Other Uses
-
Used As Food, Used as Ornamental plant, Used for its medicinal properties
Used As Indoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Used As Outdoor Plant
✔
✘
✔
✘
Garden Design
Bog Garden, Container, Cutflower, Mixed Border, Water Gardens
Feature Plant, Foundation, Mixed Border, Tropical
Botanical Name
IRIS 'Black Gamecock'
ENCEPHALARTOS altensteinii
Common Name
Black Gamecock Iris, Black Gamecock Louisiana Iris
Bread Tree, Prickly Cycad
In Hindi
Black Gamecock Iris
Bread Tree
In German
Black Gamecock Iris
Brotbaum
In French
Black Gamecock Iris
Bread Arbre
In Spanish
Black Gamecock Iris
Árbol del pan
In Greek
Black Gamecock Iris
ψωμί Δέντρο
In Portuguese
Black Gamecock Iris
Árvore de pão
In Polish
Black Gamecock Iris
chleb Drzewo
In Latin
Black Gamecock Iris
panis ligno
Kingdom
Plantae
Plantae
Phylum
Magnoliophyta
Tracheophyta
Class
Magnoliopsida
Equisetopsida
Order
Asparagales
Cycadales
Family
Iridaceae
Cycadaceae
Genus
Iris
Encephalartos
Clade
Angiosperms, Monocots
-
Tribe
Irideae
-
Subfamily
Iridoideae
-
Number of Species
7066
1
27800
👆🏻